Social Learning Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Learning Theory - Essay Example One of the key assumptions of Bandura was that the environment of a person creates his or behavior therefore if it is necessary to improve the behavior of the individuals, it is critical that the environment must be improved or constructive to allow people to learn positive traits. The social learning theory from the criminology perspective has largely been developed by Akers , Burgess as well as the work of Sutherland. An associated concept with this theory is also the concept of differential association theory which suggests that criminal behaviors could be learned through interactions with others. The implementation of a new policy change by the Anytown’s department therefore may be a step towards ensuring that the children are not exposed to the abusive behaviors and their learning should take place in more healthy and positive environment. The decision to separate children from the abusive parents or caretakers therefore may be seen from different perspectives as it may b e better action however could lead to different ethical and moral implications too. Moral and Ethical Implications A society comprises of different individual units and family is one of the most important units in any given society. According to Social learning theorists, people tend to learn the moral behaviors over the period of time therefore children specially see their parents as models for what is right and wrong. As such the overall development of a child’s moral and ethical perspectives is firmly connected with their parents and guardians. What is also important to understand that when children grow as adults and have to make their own moral judgments they often rely on the values... Social Learning Theory It is however, critical that the learning through this interaction may also have different impacts on the children also. However, this move may also point out certain important ethical and moral implications too if the policy is implemented. One of the key questions which could therefore be raised may be based upon the argument that the families and parents may lose their control over their children as well as the children may be dependent on others for their overall development. Apart from assessing the moral and ethical implications of the proposed policy change, this paper will also make an assessment of the effect on those who are involved and will be implicated under this change. The impact on the society as a whole as well as the family as a unit will also be discussed and explored in this paper. Before discussing the moral and ethical implications of this policy change, it is important to provide a theoretical background of Social Learning Theory. This is also important due to the fact that department has made a reference to this theory as an academic argument in favor of this policy change. The decision to implement a new policy change to protect children from the abusive and criminal behavior of their parents may be considered as a better decision by the department. Though children may face the issues like identity as well as role he is forced to play however, if children are provided better opportunities to be groomed as positive and more constructive citizens, this action may be considered as effective.

Seiu-Caw Dispute Essay Example for Free

Seiu-Caw Dispute Essay I do not believe it had such a big effect on democracy as even when the vote was held 10,000 workers voted 92% in favor of joining the CAW which shows that democracy was still implemented by them holding a vote and 92% wanting to join the CAW. 3. Some of the damages the Canadian labour union might suffer due to disputes such as this are international alliances between unions could be hurt if the international unions are not able to trust their locals for support and their backing in all situations. Also with more Canadian unions starting to move toward national unions instead of international unions disputes such as this might slow the switch down once they see the challenges and possible repercussions they face from breaking away from the international unions. Disputes like this can also have an effect on gaining new members into unions and many individuals may see these disputes as unwanted and something can occur if they join a union which might persuade them to not consider joining. 5. National autonomy from International parent unions has to deal with local unions gaining independence to make their own decisions, apart from the decisions being made by a parent union outside the country which usually does not understand the demands and wants of the local union members and uses strategies and polices that are effective in their country which might not be effective in Canada. A local union can gain autonomy from their International parent by instituting and governing some of their own policies that are more representative of the local members that they represent. A local union can also join a district labour council which functions to advance the interests of the labour movement at the local and municipal level whereas the international parent union probably does not understand the issue at the local level. If the local union implements these strategies they can enjoy some autonomy from their international parent union while still enjoying some of the benefits of the parent union such as the specialists they usually have in different areas such as bargaining and grievances and in training programs available to their members.

Justice and Peace: The Road to Christian Salvation Essay examples -- R

Justice and Peace: The Road to Christian Salvation War appears to be the most vicious and unpleasant form of human interaction. No other setting allows people to kill each other in such substantial numbers or to cause such incredible and extensive distress. Wars often take many years to develop and they can last for years longer than that and the effects duplicate for decades and even centuries afterwards. A question that is frequently asked is: If war is so terrible, why do people continue to allow it to occur? A simple answer to this can be why isn’t war simply eliminated. Oddly, some actually seem to be fond of war. Armed battle is glorified for making us superior, stronger, and worthwhile beings even though we still have the power and strength to kill others. In the United States society today, the average person feels that war is simply miserable and a vicious act. The Christian majority seem to have bought into the myth that making war, like the rest of foreign policy, is not a moral issue, just a matter of fact. Faith requires Christians to determine when, and under what conditions, they may participate in the war making process. Christians strive for peace but realize in certain extreme cases that war may be a necessary evil to rectify certain situations and this can be shown through the current situation with Iraq. Unfortunately, at this point in time war appears to be inevitable with Iraq. The United States has done everything in its power to communicate with Iraq and discuss negotiations as well as trying to get Iraq to disarm. According to the tenets of Christianity it is imperative that they try to find a peaceful resolution. A Christian â€Å"faith is a relationship with God† (Thomps... ...ar is unavoidable then a just war can take place if necessary. Is war truly the answer to all of our problems or is peace our only means to justice and freedom? Christians would say that peace is our only means to justice and freedom because nonviolent confrontation is much more effective than violence by any means. This can be carried out through love, courage, strength, hope, and wisdom. â€Å"Such action is faithful to the vision of a people living out a life of reconciliation in a violent world† (Yoder 134). Works Cited Kegley, Charles W Jr., and Raymond, Gregory A. From War to Peace. New York: St. Martins Press, 2001. Thompson, Milburn J. Justice and Peace: A Prime for Christians. New York: Orbis Books, 2002. Walzer, Michael. Just and Unjust Wars. New York: Basic Books, 2000. Yoder, John Howard. What Would You Do? Pennsylvania: Herald Press, 1992.

The Movie Othello :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

The Movie Othello The movie Othello is full of very believeable and well developed characters. As it is a tradgedy, thought, we have to have a victim or victims, in this case Othello, and the cause of their misery, which is Iago. Iago manipulates Cassio, Roderigo, Emilia, and Othello, useing a variety of methods. Iago's plots are skillfully crafted with multiple levels of intrigue. Iago also pays attention to the smallest detail, proveing his skill as a villian. Thus, Iago is a masterful villian who manipulates all those around him. Iago manipultes Cassio, Roderigo, Emilia, and Othello in several ways. Cassio is manipulated by Iago first getting him fired. Then, under the guise of friendship, Iago suggests that Cassio ask Desdemona for help in getting reinstated. This is an ingenius move on as his part, as Cassio must pursue Desdemona's help behind Othello's back. Roderigo is manipulated by Iago's telling him to pursue Desdemona, even though Desdemona is already married. Although this is a blatent lie on Iago's part, as the viewer sees not a single hint that Desdemona even acknowledges Roderigo's existance, it is so cleverly delivered to Roderigo that he takes as a fact, even when the facts show otherwise. Iago controls Emilia through her love that she has for him. He uses her love of him to get her to steal Desdemona's handkerchief. Othello is manipulated by suggestion and hints that are carefully worded and said at just the right moment. Each one weakens his faith in Desdemona a little more. Then Iago produces "evidence" to add weight to his innuendos. The evidence is so believeably delivered and Othello already so incenced by Iago's words that Othello does not even question the truth of what he sees. This skillful manipulation of those around qualifies Iago as a supreme villian. Iago's plots are skillfully crafted and contain multiple levels of intrigue. Iago gets Cassio drunk and disorderly until he starts a fight. Iago then goes to Othello and tells him that he should not allow such behavior and to fire Cassio. Then Iago convincea Cassio to pursue Desdemona's help on the sly. Finally, Iago uses Cassio's pursuit of Desdemona on the sly as proof of their

Mob Mentality in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

The critic Kenny Williams states that the Colonel Sherburn scene inThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark twain, â€Å"allow[s] a brief platform for Twain to express his own contempt for mobs in an era known for such activities and lawlessness. † This draws the attention to other scenes Twain uses to show his contempt for activities in society. In his novel Mark Twain uses characters and scenes to show his disdain for zealot faith, corrupt human nature, and blind adherence to law. In the beginning of the novel, Mark Twain shows his disdain for the blind faith of religion through Huck’s confusion. For example, when Huck states; â€Å"I says to myself, if a body can get anything they pray for, why don’t Deacon Winn get back the money he lost on pork? Why can’t the widow get back her silver snuffbox that was stole? Why can’t Miss Watson fat up? No, says I to myself, there ain’t nothing in it,† (14) he cannot comprehend how the answers to prayers can be selective. Twain uses Huck to show his own opposition towards the blind faith people put in prayer, when they rarely receive what it is they are praying for. Twain also shows his distaste for the gullibility of religious people. In chapter twenty, when the King and Huck visit a church, the King pretends that he is a pirate, who after hearing this sermon is now reformed, and will try to convince his fellow pirates to follow in his footsteps. The people of the church believe his story with no hesitation and even go as far as to take up a collection for his quest to reform the other pirates. â€Å"And then he busted in to tears, and so did everybody else. Then somebody sings out ‘Take up a collection for him, take up a collection! ’ †¦ So the King went all through the crowd with his hat, swabbing his eyes, and blessing the people and praising them and thanking them for being so good to the poor pirates away off there;†¦ and he was invited to stay a week; and everybody wanted him to live in their houses, and said they’d think it was an honor† (Twain 155-156). In this situation, Twain is satirizing the gullibility of religion and its haphazard impact on a mob. The people in this church are easily able to give money to pirates, who are known for being crooks and liars, inviting them to stay in their homes as an honor. Thus, Twain shows his disdain for religious beliefs by satirizing their blind faith and gullibility. Throughout the novel, Twain shows his contempt for corrupt human nature. Although these instances are often satirized and exaggerated, the message is still the same. For instance, when the King and the Duke first start to lie about being the dead Peter Wilks’ brothers to obtain his money, Huck says, â€Å"It was enough to make a body ashamed of the human race,† (191). In this instance Twain is utilizing Huck to show his aversion to the way people lie and cheat, and how a couple of people can make a bad name for all of us. Another example is when Jim sells the King and Duke out to the townspeople and they are carried on a pole, tarred and feathered. Although Huck, has tried to escape the King and Dukes several occasions and has witnessed the cruelties put on others and lies they tell, he does not think that they deserve similar treatment. In fact, he says, â€Å"Human beings can be awful cruel to one another,† (269). Through Huck, Twain is voicing his opposition to how people treat one another, whether they deserve it or not. Thus Twain is using his novel to voice his enmity for the cruelty in human nature. Twain also shows his aversion to the lack of free thought in humans. The highly satirical character, Tom, is the best example of people actions being the result of other peoples thoughts. Tom often comes up with crazy plans that that follow a uniform procedure because the books he has read say so. â€Å"Why blame it all, we’ve got to do it. Don’t I tell you it’s in the books? Do you want to go to doing different from what’s in the books, and get things all muddled up? †(12). Even though Tom has no idea what some rules of the books are, he does them anyway, because that is what he believes he is supposed to do; and if he does not go by the book he believes things will go wrong. Through Tom, Twain shows peoples adherence to rules, because they follow the doctrine with which they were taught. In Twain’s novel Huck steals chickens from people, because his father told him it was a good deed. Even though he knows it is wrong, Huck steals because â€Å"Pap always said, take a chicken when you get a chance, because if you don’t want him yourself you can easy find someone that does, and a good deed ain’t ever forgot,† (77). Thus Twain shows his objection of the lack of originality of thought in society in his book. Mark Twain disagreed with many things in the world, and he used The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to voice his frustration. Although often exaggerated and satirical, through the main and secondary characters, Twain pokes fun at the gullibility of people towards religion, cruelty, and followers. In conclusion, these instances show how the mindlessness of the mob mentality is a result of the credulousness of the religious, malice of humans, and the habitues of the world.

Thomas Edison - The Inventor With 1,093 Patents

Thomas Edison - The Inventor With 1,093 Patents Thomas Edison was one of historys most influential inventors, whose contributions to the modern era transformed the lives of people the world over. Edison is best known for having invented the electric light bulb, the phonograph, and the first motion-picture camera, and held an astonishing 1,093 patents in total. In addition to his inventions, Edisons famous laboratory in Menlo Park  is considered the forerunner of the modern-day research facility. Despite Thomas Edisons incredible productivity, some consider him a controversial figure and have accused him of profiting from the ideas of other inventors. Dates: February 11, 1847 October 18, 1931 Also Known As: Thomas Alva Edison, Wizard of Menlo Park Famous Quote: Genius is one percent inspiration, and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Childhood in Ohio and Michigan Thomas Alva Edison, born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847, was the seventh and last child born to Samuel and Nancy Edison. Since three of the youngest children did not survive early childhood, Thomas Alva (known as Al as a child and later as â€Å"Tom†) grew up with one brother and two sisters. Edisons father, Samuel, had fled to the U.S. in 1837 to avoid arrest after having openly rebelled against British rule in his native Canada. Samuel eventually resettled in Milan, Ohio, where he opened a successful lumber business. Young Al Edison grew into a very inquisitive child, constantly asking questions about the world around him. His curiosity got him into trouble on several occasions. At three years old, Al climbed a ladder to the top of his fathers grain elevator, then fell in as he leaned over to look inside. Fortunately, his father witnessed the fall and rescued him before he was suffocated by the grain. On another occasion, six-year-old Al started a fire in his fathers barn just to see what would happen. The barn burned to the ground. An enraged Samuel Edison punished his son by giving him a public whipping. In 1854, the Edison family moved to Port Huron, Michigan. That same year, seven-year-old Al contracted scarlet fever, an illness that possibly contributed to the future inventors gradual hearing loss. It was in Port Huron that eight-year-old Edison started school, but he only attended for a few months. His teacher, who disapproved of Edisons constant questions, considered him somewhat of a mischief-maker. When Edison overheard the teacher refer to him as addled, he became upset and ran home to tell his mother. Nancy Edison quickly withdrew her son from school and decided to teach him herself. While Nancy, a former teacher, introduced her son to the works of Shakespeare and Dickens as well as to scientific textbooks, Edisons father also encouraged him to read, offering to pay him a penny for each book he completed. Young Edison absorbed it all. A Scientist and Entrepreneur Inspired by his science books, Edison set up his first lab in his parents cellar. He saved his pennies to purchase batteries, test tubes, and chemicals. Edison was fortunate that his mother supported his experiments and didnt close down his lab after the occasional small explosion or chemical spill. Edisons experiments didnt end there, of course; he and a friend created their own telegraph system, crudely modeled upon the one invented by Samuel F. B. Morse in 1832. After several failed attempts (one of which involved rubbing two cats together to create electricity), the boys finally succeeded and were able to send and receive messages on the device. When the railroad came to Port Huron in 1859, 12-year-old Edison persuaded his parents to let him get a job. Hired by the Grand Trunk Railroad as a train boy, he sold newspapers to passengers on the route between Port Huron and Detroit. Finding himself with some free time on the daily trip, Edison convinced the conductor to let him set up a lab in the baggage car. The arrangement did not last long, however, for Edison accidentally set fire to the baggage car when one of his jars of highly flammable phosphorus fell to the floor. Once the Civil War began in 1861, Edisons business really took off, as more people bought newspapers to keep up with the latest news from the battlefields. Edison capitalized upon this need and steadily raised his prices. Ever the entrepreneur, Edison bought produce during his layover in Detroit and sold it to passengers at a profit. He later opened his own newspaper and produce stand in Port Huron, hiring other boys as vendors. By 1862, Edison had started his own publication, the weekly Grand Trunk Herald. Edison the Telegrapher Fate, and an act of bravery, handed Edison a most welcome opportunity to learn professional telegraphy, a skill which would help determine his future. In 1862, as 15-year-old Edison waited at the station for his train to change cars, he spotted a young child playing on the tracks, oblivious to the freight car heading straight for him. Edison leaped onto the tracks and lifted the boy to safety, earning the eternal gratitude of the boys father, station telegrapher James Mackenzie. To repay Edison for having saved his sons life, Mackenzie offered to teach him the finer points of telegraphy. After five months of studying with Mackenzie, Edison was qualified to work as a plug, or second-class telegrapher. With this new skill, Edison became a traveling telegrapher in 1863. He stayed busy, often filling in for men who had gone off to war. Edison worked throughout much of the central and northern United States, as well as parts of Canada. Despite unglamorous working conditions and shabby lodgings, Edison enjoyed his work. As he moved from job to job, Edisons skills continually improved. Unfortunately, at the same time, Edison realized that he was losing his hearing to the extent that it might eventually affect his ability to work at telegraphy. In 1867, Edison, by now 20 years old and an experienced telegrapher, was hired to work in the Boston office of Western Union, the nations largest telegraph company. Although he was at first teased by his co-workers for his cheap clothes and countrified ways, he soon impressed them all with his rapid messaging abilities. Edison Becomes an Inventor Despite his success as a telegrapher, Edison longed for a greater challenge. Eager to advance his scientific knowledge, Edison studied a volume of electricity-based experiments written by 19th-century British scientist Michael Faraday. In 1868, inspired by his reading, Edison developed his first patented invention an automatic vote recorder designed for use by legislators. Unfortunately, although the device performed flawlessly, he could not find any buyers. (Politicians didnt like the idea of locking in their votes immediately without the option of further debate.) Edison resolved to never again invent something for which there was no clear need or demand. Edison next became interested in the stock ticker, a device that had been invented in 1867. Businessmen used stock tickers in their offices to keep them informed of changes in stock market prices. Edison, along with a friend, briefly ran a gold-reporting service that used the stock tickers to transmit gold prices into subscribers offices. After that business failed, Edison set about improving the performance of the ticker. He was becoming increasingly dissatisfied with working as a telegrapher. In 1869, Edison decided to leave his job in Boston and move to New York City to become a full-time inventor and manufacturer. His first project in New York was to perfect the stock ticker that he had been working on. Edison sold his improved version to Western Union for the enormous sum of $40,000, an amount that enabled him to open his own business. Edison established his first manufacturing shop, American Telegraph Works, in Newark, New Jersey in 1870. He employed 50 workers, including a machinist, a clockmaker, and a mechanic. Edison worked side-by-side with his closest assistants and welcomed their input and suggestions. One employee, however, had captured Edisons attention above all others Mary Stilwell, an attractive girl of 16. Marriage and Family Unaccustomed to courting young women and hampered somewhat by his hearing loss, Edison behaved awkwardly around Mary, but he eventually made it clear that he was interested in her. After a brief courtship, the two married on Christmas Day, 1871. Edison was 24 years old. Mary Edison soon learned the reality of being married to an up-and-coming inventor. She spent many evenings alone while her husband stayed late at the lab, immersed in his work. Indeed, the next few years were very productive ones for Edison; he applied for nearly 60 patents. Two notable inventions from this period were the quadruplex telegraph system (which could send two messages in each direction simultaneously, rather than one at a time), and the electric pen, which made duplicate copies of a document. The Edisons had three children between 1873 and 1878: Marion, Thomas Alva, Jr., and William. Edison nicknamed the two eldest children Dot and Dash, a reference to the dots and dashes from the Morse code used in telegraphy. The Laboratory at Menlo Park In 1876, Edison erected a two-story building in rural Menlo Park, New Jersey, conceived for the sole purpose of experimentation. Edison and his wife bought a house nearby and installed a plank sidewalk connecting it to the lab. Despite working close to home, Edison often became so involved in his work, he stayed overnight in the lab. Mary and the children saw very little of him. Following Alexander Graham Bells invention of the telephone in 1876, Edison became interested in improving the device, which was still crude and inefficient. Edison was encouraged in this endeavor by Western Union, whose hope it was that Edison could create a different version of the telephone. The company could then make money from Edisons telephone without infringing upon Bells patent. Edison did improve upon Bells telephone, creating a convenient earpiece and mouthpiece; he also built a transmitter that could carry messages over a longer distance. Invention of the Phonograph Makes Edison Famous Edison began to investigate ways in which a voice could not only be transmitted over a wire, but recorded as well. In June 1877, while working in the lab on an audio project, Edison and his assistants inadvertently scratched grooves into a disc. This unexpectedly produced a sound, which motivated Edison to create a rough sketch of a recording machine, the phonograph. By November of that year, Edisons assistants had created a working model. Incredibly, the device worked on the first try, a rare outcome for a new invention. Edison became an overnight celebrity. He had been known to the scientific community for some time; now, the public at large knew his name. The New York Daily Graphic christened him the Wizard of Menlo Park. Scientists and academics from around the world praised the phonograph and even President Rutherford B. Hayes insisted upon a private demonstration at the White House. Convinced that the device had more uses than as a mere parlor trick, Edison started a company devoted to marketing the phonograph. (He eventually abandoned the phonograph, however, only to resurrect it decades later.) When the chaos had settled down from the phonograph, Edison turned to a project that had long intrigued him the creation of an electric light. Lighting the World By the 1870s, several inventors had already begun to find ways to produce electric light. Edison attended the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876 to examine the arc light exhibit displayed by inventor Moses Farmer. He studied it carefully and came away convinced that he could make something better. Edisons goal was to create an incandescent light bulb, which was softer and less glaring than arc lighting. Edison and his assistants experimented with different materials for the filament in the light bulb. The ideal material would withstand high heat and continue to burn for longer than just a few minutes (the longest time they had observed up until then). On October 21, 1879, the Edison team discovered that carbonized cotton sewing thread exceeded their expectations, staying lit for nearly 15 hours. Now they began the work of perfecting the light and mass-producing it. The project was immense and would require years to complete. In addition to fine-tuning the light bulb, Edison also needed to consider how to provide electricity on a large scale. He and his team would need to produce wires, sockets, switches, a power source, and an entire infrastructure for delivering power. Edisons power source was a giant dynamo a generator that converted mechanical energy into electric energy. Edison decided that the ideal place to debut his new system would be downtown Manhattan, but he needed financial backing for such a grand project. To win investors over, Edison gave them a demonstration of electric light at his Menlo Park lab on New Years Eve, 1879. Visitors were enthralled by the spectacle and Edison received the money he needed to install electricity to a portion of downtown Manhattan. After more than two years, the complex installation was at last completed. On September 4, 1882, Edisons Pearl Street Station delivered power to a one square mile section of Manhattan. Although Edisons undertaking was a success, it would be two years before the station actually made a profit. Gradually, more and more customers subscribed to the service. Alternating Current Vs. Direct Current Soon after the Pearl Street Station had brought power to Manhattan, Edison became caught up in the dispute over which type of electricity was superior: direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). Scientist Nikola Tesla, a former employee of Edisons, became his chief rival in the matter. Edison favored DC and had used it in all of his systems. Tesla, who had left Edisons lab over a pay dispute, was hired by inventor George Westinghouse to build the AC system which he (Westinghouse) had devised. With most of the evidence pointing to AC current as the more efficient and economically feasible choice, Westinghouse chose to support AC current. In a shameful attempt to discredit the safety of AC power, Edison staged some disturbing stunts, purposely electrocuting stray animals and even a circus elephant using AC current. Horrified, Westinghouse offered to meet with Edison to settle their differences; Edison refused. In the end, the dispute was settled by consumers, who preferred the AC system by a margin of five to one. The final blow came when Westinghouse won the contract to harness Niagara Falls for the production of AC power. Later in life, Edison admitted that one of his biggest mistakes had been his reluctance to accept AC power as superior to DC. Loss and Remarriage Edison had long neglected his wife Mary, but was devastated when she died suddenly at the age of 29 in August 1884. Historians suggest that the cause was probably a brain tumor. The two boys, who had never been close to their father, were sent to live with Marys mother, but twelve-year-old Marion (Dot) stayed with her father. They became very close. Edison preferred to work from his New York lab, allowing the Menlo Park facility to fall into ruin. He continued to work on improving the phonograph and the telephone. Edison married again in 1886 at the age of 39, after proposing in Morse code to 18-year-old Mina Miller. The wealthy, educated young woman was better suited to life as the wife of a famous inventor than had been Mary Stilwell. Edisons children moved with the couple to their new mansion in West Orange, New Jersey. Mina Edison eventually gave birth to three children: daughter Madeleine and sons Charles and Theodore. West Orange Lab Edison built a new laboratory in West Orange in 1887. It far surpassed his first facility at Menlo Park, comprising three stories and 40,000 square feet. While he worked on projects, others managed his companies for him. In 1889, several of his investors merged into one company, called Edison General Electric Company, the forerunner of todays General Electric (GE). Inspired by a series of groundbreaking photos of a horse in motion, Edison became interested in moving pictures. In 1893, he developed a kinetograph (to record motion) and a kinetoscope (to display the moving pictures). Edison built the first motion picture studio on his West Orange complex, dubbing the building the Black Maria. The building had a hole in the roof and could actually be rotated upon a turntable in order to capture the sunlight. One of his best-known films was The Great Train Robbery, made in 1903. Edison also became involved in mass-producing phonographs and records at the turn of the century. What had once been a novelty was now a household item and it became very lucrative for Edison. Fascinated by the discovery of X-rays by Dutch scientist William Rontgen, Edison produced the first commercially-produced fluoroscope, which allowed real-time visualization inside the human body. After losing one of his workers to radiation poisoning, however, Edison never worked with X-rays again. Later Years Always enthusiastic about new ideas, Edison was thrilled to hear about Henry Fords new gas-powered automobile. Edison himself attempted to develop a car battery that could be recharged with electricity, but was never successful. He and Ford became friends for life, and went on yearly camping trips with other prominent men of the time. From 1915 until the end of World War I, Edison served on the Naval Consulting Board a group of scientists and inventors whose goal it was to help the U.S. prepare for war. Edisons most important contribution to the U.S. Navy was his suggestion that a research laboratory be built. Eventually, the facility was built and led to important technical advances that benefited the Navy during World War II. Edison continued to work on several projects and experiments for the remainder of his life. In 1928, he was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, presented to him at the Edison Laboratory. Thomas Edison died at his home in West Orange, New Jersey on October 18, 1931 at the age of 84. On the day of his funeral, President Herbert Hoover asked Americans to dim the lights in their homes as a way of paying tribute to the man who had given them electricity.

Investigatory Projects Essays

Investigatory Projects Essays Investigatory Projects Essay Investigatory Projects Essay Flowers Used for Dye Hollyhocks Hollyhock, or Alcea rosea, petals are available in varying shades from nearly white to almost black. The dyes made from these petals range in color from bright green to greenish brown depending upon how the blossoms are prepared. According to Rakhi Shanker and Padma S. Vankar from the Facility for Ecological and Analytical Testing in Kanpur, India, a substance such as alum or other metal salts is used to make the dye stay on the fabric without quickly washing out. This substance is called a mordant. Shanker and Vankar experimented with mordants such as copper sulphate and stannic chloride as well as alum and found that the color varied depending upon which mordant was used. Saffron Saffron, or Crocus sativus, creates a strong yellow dye. According to W. P. Armstrong from Palomar College, saffrons blossoms contain a coloring pigment in their stigmas, which are the long tube-like structures inside the middle of the blossoms. This coloring pigment is called crocin, and it is a distant relative of vitamin A. The stigmas are dried and used for dyeing. The website indicates that approximately 4000 flowers are needed to make a single ounce of dye. Saffron was once used to dye the robes of Irish royalty, according to Armstrong. It is used most often as a food coloring. Royal Poinciana Delonix regia is also known as Royal poinciana or Gulmohur. These trees produce striking golden and scarlet flowers during the spring. Dyes created from gulmohur blossoms range in shades from golden yellow to dark brown, depending upon the mordant. According to K. Anitha and S. N. Prasad from the Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History in India, dyes that used turmeric powder as a mordant produced golden yellow or dark tan shades on silk depending upon whether the whole flowers or just the petals were used. A 10 percent alum solution produced olive green. Safflower Younsook Shin from Chonnam National University in Korea indicates that Korea has a long tradition of using safflower as a natural dye. Safflower petals contain carthamin, which produces red, and safflower yellow B, which roduces an orange-yellow color. Healthline adds that safflowers were traditionally used to dye silk yellow or red. The blossoms were also dried, finely ground and mixed with talc to produce rouge. Safflower dye is commonly used to add color to foods. Making Natural Dyes From Plants Did you know that a great source for natural dyes can be found right in your own back yard! Roots, nuts and flowers are just a few common natural ways to get many colors. Yel low, orange, blue, red, green, brown and grey are available. Go ahead, experiment! Gathering plant material for dyeing: Blossoms should be in full bloom, berries ripe and nuts mature. Remember, never gather more than 2/3 of a stand of anything in the wild when gathering plant stuff for dying. To make the dye solution: Chop plant material into small pieces and place in a pot. Double the amount of water to plant material. Bring to a boil, then simmer for about an hour. Strain. Now you can add your fabric to be dyed. For a stronger shade, allow material to soak in the dye overnight. Getting the fabric ready for the dye bath: You will have to soak the fabric in a color fixative before the dye process. This will make the color set in the fabric. Color Fixatives: Salt Fixative (for berry dyes) 1/2 cup salt to 8 cups cold water Plant Fixatives (for plant dyes) 4 parts cold water to 1 part vinegar Add fabric to the fixative and simmer for an hour. Rinse the material and squeeze out excess. Rinse in cool water until water runs clear. Dye Bath: Place wet fabric in dye bath. Simmer together until desired color is obtained. The color of the fabric will be lighter when its dry. Also note that all dyed fabric should be laundered in cold water and separately. Muslin, silk, cotton and wool work best for natural dyes and the lighter the fabric in color, the better. White or pastel colors work the best. NOTE: Its best to use an old large pot as your dye vessel. Wear rubber gloves to handle the fabric that has been dyed, the dye can stain your hands. Its also important to note, some plant dyes may be toxic, check with the Poison Control Center if unsure. Shades of orange -Alder Bark (orange) Bloodroot will give a good orange to reddish orange color. Sassafras (leaves) Onion (skin) – orange Lichen (gold) Carrot (roots) orange Lilac (twigs) yellow/orange Barberry (mahonia sp. ) yellow orange (with alum) very strong ; permanent. Any part of the plant will work. Giant Coreopsis (Coreopsis gigantea) Yields bright permanent orange with alum. Turmeric dyed cloth will turn orange or red if it is dipped in lye. Pomagrante – with alum anywhere fro m orange to khaki green. Butternut (seed husks) orange Eucaluptus (leaves and bark) beautiful shades of tan, orange and brown. Shades of red Elderberry red Red leaves will give a reddish brown color I use salt to set the dye. Sumac (fruit) light red Sycamore (bark)- red Dandelion (root) Beets deep red Bamboo turkey red Crab Apple (bark) red/yellow Rose (hips) Chokecherries Madder (root) red Hibiscus Flowers (dried) Kool-aid Canadian Hemlock (bark) reddish brown Japanese Yew (heartwood) brown dye Wild ripe Blackberries Brazilwood St. Johns Wort (whole plant) soaked in alcohol red Bedstraw (root) red

Dreamers in the genies lamp essays

Dreamers in the genies lamp essays For the past four years the greatest casualty has been the English language. As human beings it is our will to survive that make us thrive for information, communication is essential for our sense of safety, and thus essential for our lives to remain stable. For many of us in the united states this is a constant struggle that may never rest. Once upon a time the news was only on once a night, either you saw it or missed it. Today we have multiple channels that show nothing but news twenty four hours a day in full color, so we may remain connected without hesitation. More recently Ive noticed a certain theme that the news takes on rather than the unexpected information. Getting the facts with personal opinions attached to them seems to be more popular than the boring monotone dribble about all the facts, and by all means more lucrative. It is true that all of the news networks are owned by much larger corporations, CBS is owned by Viacom. NBC is owned by General Electric. ABC is owned by Disney. The one similarity these corporate giants share is the fact that their owned by vast numbers of wealthy white men. This simply means that a multitude of rich white men is deciding what the bulk of our countries news source can show to the public. This is an interesting thing to think about, when you consider a certain incident that took place a few years ago. Chandra Levy was missing after discovery of her romantic involvement with democratic congressmen Gary Conduit. There was no way possible to escape this story, it was non stop coverage of this vulgar scandal. There was interviews and trials and police, Gary Conduits career was left shattered and utterly hopeless. His name earns no credit anymore, many still believe it was he himself who made Chandra disappear. Her body was found after an extensive man hunt in a state park. The entire ordeal took place on television, for many weeks on end ...

Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Performance Management - Essay Example Purposes of Performance Management in Relation to Business Objectives The first purpose of performance management as documented by Armstrong (215) would be concerned with performance improvement aimed at achieving individual, team and organizational effectiveness. This indicates the need for organizations to get the right things executed successfully. Its second purpose is in developing employees. Effective continuous development processes enhance the capabilities of individuals and teams so as to enhance organizational core competencies. Communication and involvement encompass the last purpose of performance management which aims at encouraging dialogues between the managers and their respective teams so as to define expectations and share organizational mission, values and objectives. Components of Performance Management Processes Performance management describes a process where understanding on the targets and the achievements would be shared. The process involves planning where job accountabilities together with performance measures would be established. It involves the understanding of behaviors and creation of development plans. Secondly, the coaching component of this process involves discussion based on the on-going feedback and an individual’s talents. The last component, review, encompasses formal review of behaviors, job accountabilities, overall rating and development plans. ... Relationship between Motivation and Performance Management While most organizations have average workers, competitive organizations motivate their average workers. While intrinsic motivation would cause one to be driven by the satisfactory feelings associated with executing a task well, extrinsic motivation emanates from the desire to achieve specific outcomes. Generally, motivation would take place if people expect that an action would lead to attainment of a particular goal. Considering Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation, valence, instrumentality and expectancy comprise the three motivational forces. While valence describes the attractiveness of the outcome, instrumentality refers to the extent to which improved performance would result into the desired outcomes and expectancy refers to the perception of the extent to which increased effort would cause increased job performance. Motivation would result when there is a perceived relationship between performance and outco me, and that outcome serves as a means to satisfy needs (Shields, 33). Secondly, the equity theory of motivation observes the tendency in people of making social comparisons with regard to their earnings (Shields, 34). An employee would compare his or her input at work against the outcome with consideration of his or her counterparts. The employee would then seek to correct any perceived inequality. Other than income:outcome ratio, the employee could also consider effort:reward and contribution:reward ratios. Therefore, organizations need to carry out research to appropriately match performance management activities with motivators. Purposes of Reward in Performance Management Process

Shinto Current Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shinto Current Issues - Essay Example In this respect, religions of the Oriental world appear to be extremely interesting for research and deductive in their heart from the perspective of their main principle of leading a spiritual life in harmony with inner and outer world. One of such confessions or rather to say ways of life is the Shinto religion. So, lets consider common characteristics of Shintoism and Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism in general and a specific contemporary state of Shintoism in particular. â€Å"Today, if you ask what religion they follow, most Japanese would say that they do not follow any religion† (Miyamoto, 2011).The same image appears in other countries of the Oriental world, for its peoples really don’t confess any religion but abide this or that living philosophy. One way or another, there is nothing surprising in the fact that all nations of the same semantically unionized area share some common traits in their believes. As it has been mentioned above, Shintoism, Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism advocate the same key principle of a balanced life within nature and the world. It refers to a grateful and favorable attitude towards everything of animated and inanimate nature, as any creature comes laden with a particular meaning for the world (everything has its sole). Moreover, a destiny of stones, trees, animals, humans is defined by their positively or negatively lived being, which is led by a particular way of thinking. As a r esult, souls are degenerated influenced by deeds and their effects while living. Hence, there is another common characteristic, that is, a belief in circulation of life and death, reincarnation of soul into bodies of inanimate subjects, animals, humans and gods (Bumb, 2010). Polytheism is the next common denominator of the Oriental religions, since there are numerous gods, the great people and

Wrongful Convictions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wrongful Convictions - Assignment Example languishing in jails has recently triggered series of advocacy efforts in order to bring sanity and create order in the system Above all, the fundamental concern in this regard lies in giving justice to each and every member of the society. The case of the United States v. Wade is a clear demonstration of the concept of wrongful convictions that normally affect society. However, unlike in this particular case, certain cases are never appealed and innocent people end up convicted and jailed or executed. In the case of United States v. Wade, it is realized that the crime took place on 21st September, 1964 when a bank in Texas was robbed at a time when two of its employees were actually inside. Later on 24th March, 1965, Joe Wade and two other people were charged with robbing the bank. Upon his arrest, Wade was represented by a counsel who had been appointed for that purpose. When an FBI agent arranged for a lineup in the courthouse in order to trace the culprits, it was unfortunate enough that Wade did not have his counsel present. The two employees present at that time therefore identified Wade as the robber. The same occurrence took place at the trial. However, the two employees were examined to seek any connection wit h the previous lineup. However, Wade’s defense pushed for his acquittal on the premise that the lineup was in violation of the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. The court nevertheless refused that motion and Wade was convicted. The Fifth Circuit however reversed the conviction on the very premise that the lineup was in violation to the Sixth Amendment given that it was done in the absence of the defendant’s counsel (Dressler 65). The point of defense in the original trial was the feeling that the lineup was not in tandem with the Fifth and Sixth amendments. The defense categorically argued that the lineup was conducted in the absence of a counsel and could not therefore be used as the basis for making decision on the case. On the Fifth Amendment,

The Employment Relationship, Employment Discrimination and Employment Assignment

The Employment Relationship, Employment Discrimination and Employment Regulation - Assignment Example This essay is to build awareness among the readers regarding complex standoffs and dilemmas involved in employment, ignorance from which may lead to harrowing scenarios. Mostly, an employment relationship is a contractual or legal link between employers and employees. All the reciprocal rights, obligations and disciplinary principles decided between employers and workers originate from the foundation of the employment relationship. The existence of an employment liaison is the condition that determines the way labor and social security law provisions addressed to employees can be applied. The importance of this relationship can be judged by the fact that it is the key reflective point for determining the nature and extent of employers rights and obligations towards their workers. With the growing incidents of inconveniences faced by workers all over the globe owing to the ambiguities related to the privacy and termination issues involved in the nature of this relationship, this issue has bagged more and more important in the workplaces. It goes without saying that the root cause of the mounting misunderstandings between employers and employees is th e disguised nature of the employment relationship. The most basic privacy rights of workers that need to be handled carefully include the right to protect the privacy of social security numbers, personnel records, telephonic conversations and the right to disallow listening to all electronic communication systems. Furthermore, many federal and statutory laws emphasize on protecting the privacy of employees’ medical records and information and background screening. Background screening actually identifies different background checks and records that are required by some employers as a part of workers recruiting process. An employer is not allowed to probe endlessly into the worker’s private issues in life. Different state laws and employment legislatures restrict the type of background information.

PDP - Personal Development Portfolio Assignment

PDP - Personal Development Portfolio - Assignment Example Weaknesses 1. Reduced ability to analyze the concepts and the ideas in implementation of lecture information and data. 2. Experience with poor paper work due to poor personal organization, 3. Easily got bored with education –lecture and seminar as well as other routine work 4. Poor comprehensive planning skills – preferred to use lesson plans rather than class notes 5. Poor skills needed in comprehension of text provided during classroom lectures and orientation seminars Opportunities 1. There was a new path direction in the career 2. New and imitating challenge also grew bigger 3. Gained a lot of experience in different environments as well as gaining less restraints 4. There is no firm career progression as well as better earnings prospects existed. 5. Existed more autonomy in the career prospects Threats 1. There was not training qualifications 2. The experience in management lacked 3. Unaccustomed to work in different working environment 4. Lacked commercial experie nce to compete extensively 5. Many trainers were aiming the job market SKILLS, ABILITIES AND COMPETENCIES Interest in technology and science Working to polish a career I require a first-class academic locale and attention in scientific acquaintance. It is also vital to keep posted and examination for once familiarity against knowledge (Brennan, 2003). Good communication A good communication skill is needed in order to be able to communicate with the career team and also to direct and encourage client. Comfort in using complex equipment Career seekers work with modern equipments and technology. Careful concentration to detail Good powers of surveillance are needed and must pay nearby awareness to produce and detail exceedingly precise work even when underneath pressure. Noble interpersonal skills Direct connection with team members; i must be responsible, kind and have a sociable and proficient stance towards work and other members. Contented to labor as a team Functioning as chunk o f a team whose shared focus is the meeting goals and objectives. i require to identify how all these dissimilar populace intertwine and get pleasure from functioning as a team. PROGRESS MADE Get a learning company. I got a job at a company well-known in its business for raising its people. When I work for this kind of company, I am registered in a constant expansion program that goes past the scientific skills needed for your present role. This creates a great base for a triumphant career (Gordon, 2006). Remain tech-savvy- I forced myself to keep mechanical skills existing, even if fresh developments don't appear openly associated to my career job. WHAT ELSE DO I NEED TO DO Thinking global- In several industries; physical barriers to business are receiving less relevance. Co-worker, customers and stakeholders at the present and upcoming can be from everywhere in the world. I require obtaining the skill to work inside the global marketplace. Maintain a accomplishment journal. The mom ent to begin assessment concerning actions and skills should not be at the time one searching for a new-fangled job (Brockbank, 1998). Edifice and uphold expert network. One should be raising associations with people both outside and within organization. This populace will be helpful as the view of work alters. IMPORTANT THINGS NEEDED IN OBTAINING A JOB Assess and assert your strengths on a recurrent basis. Build up sensible and attainable

The Employment Relationship, Employment Discrimination and Employment Assignment

The Employment Relationship, Employment Discrimination and Employment Regulation - Assignment Example This essay is to build awareness among the readers regarding complex standoffs and dilemmas involved in employment, ignorance from which may lead to harrowing scenarios. Mostly, an employment relationship is a contractual or legal link between employers and employees. All the reciprocal rights, obligations and disciplinary principles decided between employers and workers originate from the foundation of the employment relationship. The existence of an employment liaison is the condition that determines the way labor and social security law provisions addressed to employees can be applied. The importance of this relationship can be judged by the fact that it is the key reflective point for determining the nature and extent of employers rights and obligations towards their workers. With the growing incidents of inconveniences faced by workers all over the globe owing to the ambiguities related to the privacy and termination issues involved in the nature of this relationship, this issue has bagged more and more important in the workplaces. It goes without saying that the root cause of the mounting misunderstandings between employers and employees is th e disguised nature of the employment relationship. The most basic privacy rights of workers that need to be handled carefully include the right to protect the privacy of social security numbers, personnel records, telephonic conversations and the right to disallow listening to all electronic communication systems. Furthermore, many federal and statutory laws emphasize on protecting the privacy of employees’ medical records and information and background screening. Background screening actually identifies different background checks and records that are required by some employers as a part of workers recruiting process. An employer is not allowed to probe endlessly into the worker’s private issues in life. Different state laws and employment legislatures restrict the type of background information.

Pros and Cons of Synchronous Collaboration Essay

Pros and Cons of Synchronous Collaboration - Essay Example It is manifested through online chat, virtual meetings, pep talks, or even in a team huddle. Because of the advancement of science and technology, synchronous collaboration has also improved the way it is being performed. As stated above, online chat and virtual meetings are just some of the newest forms of synchronous collaboration. Albeit, information technology has helped elevate our communicative lifestyle, there are still pros and cons or advantages and disadvantages of synchronous collaboration, especially, with the inclusion of information technology. Some of the key advantages are it hastens the communication process especially on situations when an immediate response is direly needed. Another key advantage is that it would promote a more spontaneous interaction between individuals. On the other hand, its key advantages are, first, it is not ubiquitous or is not present everywhere. The access on online chat and virtual meetings are available only to those who are located on highly developed societies and not all of us use it. Another key disadvantage is that it is not pliable. Seen this way, it is sometimes best to not communicate synchronously because it precludes us from thinking over a certain thing before we give out our

Study of personality Essay Example for Free

Study of personality Essay There have been many theories proposed to better understand human behaviors and personality; one of these is the theory of optimal range and self-cognitive. The theory of optimal range and self-cognitive became useful in studying self-stereotyping, prejudice, self-esteem, and self-categorizing of humans and to be able to understand more about one’s identification. The Western beliefs define â€Å"self† as a unified identity which functions on its own, however, the theory of self-cognitive suggests that the â€Å"self† is actually a composition of different factors and elements, for example, an individual define himself through the people related to him such as his parents, siblings, spouses, friends, and others. Through the information about these people, an individual creates a more stable identification of himself. Being in a â€Å"group† gives a person a more definite social and personal identity. One tends to adapt the characteristics of the people around him which shape his personality as well. Moreover, a person tends to find a partner or friends which seems to resembles or almost the same as the concept of his â€Å"self†. However, these characteristics and personalities may vary through time as we meet new people and encounter different experiences. The theory of optimal range discusses the individual’s reasoning ability, judgment skills and decision-making styles according to his optimal level or age. According to it, a person comes to a point wherein he reaches his optimal level of performance to consolidation of a functional performance. For example, an individual can exert his maximum capacity or highest performance level in life in his early 20’s or 30’s, infants and old people are less functional. However, it suggests that a person’s skills and knowledge can be readily accessible if was reconstructed multiple times through range of variations in the tasks, meaning, a person doesn’t become skillful in an instant until he familiarize himself with the tasks and domains. The theory of optimal range explains how and why there are differences in people’s learning skills and capacities. The theory of optimal range and self-cognitive help us understand more about the personality differences and similarities. Although both have their own limitations, each opened the door toward more studies that aims to understand human behavior and personality development. References Valsiner, J. Connolly, K. (2003). Adult Cognitive Development: Dynamics in the Developmental Web. Handbook of Developmental Psychology. [Electronic Version] Fusher, S. Fisher, R. (1993). Conjuring Up a Self. The Psychology of Adaptation to Absurdity: Tactics of Make-Believe. [Electronic Version].

Orwells Animal Farm Genre Untangled English Literature Essay

Orwells Animal Farm Genre Untangled English Literature Essay Out of George Orwells repertoire many of his works can be described as somewhat ambiguous in terms of genre. For instance, Down and Out in Paris and London is a recount of his personal experiences flavoured with fictional elements, a semi-autobiography, but it is written in the objective voice of a report, article or documentary with additional sociographic speculations. Many of his essays linger on the boundaries of the short story, as well. Animal Farm is no exception of this Orwellian tendency to fuse different genres. It is often labelled as a dystopian allegorical novella or satire, but has been called a fable in the Aesopian tradition as well. In the present paper I will analyse Orwells work from the viewpoint of all these genres separately keeping in mind of course, that the genres themselves overlap each other in some characteristics and examine how Animal Farm functions as a dystopia, a satire and a fable. While Animal Farm fits some of these characteristics it also lacks in others. It certainly portrays oppression in the form of a totalitarian centralized power, however, in contrast with some well known works strongly associated with the genre including Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four as well it describes the process of how the utopian dream develops into the dystopian nightmare. Considering displacement it is not really in line with the dystopian trait either. It is for certain that the story takes place somewhere in the English countryside, we are even given the name of Willingdon and The Red Lion, an existing village and pub in East Sussex. Otherwise there is no special importance in the geographical location of the Farm, suggesting that it is not important where it takes place, and consequently, that it could happen anywhere. As for temporal coordinates they are even less specified or notable; the story is not tied to, and thus not untied from any particular date or era. The story could have taken place yesterday just as well as a hundred years ago or in the distant future; it is not dissociated or displaced from either Orwells or todays readers time. (Of course depending on the interpretation of the story, it does allude to the Stalinist regime and the Russian revolution but only externally as its mere allegory not internally to the novellas fictional universe.) However, it could be argued that there is some kind of displacement, not in spatial or temporal terms but in the very nature of the story as a fantastic beast fable or fairy story as Orwell called it. Its characters of talking animals who read and write and manage a farm on their own is surely not a picture of our everyday life. The feature Animal Farm most clearly adopts from the dystopian genre is the intention of warning. It warns of the danger of communist dictatorship and raises the attention as well of the existing conditions present at the time in the Soviet Union; or in a more general interpr etation the corrupting effect of power when exercised by anybody  [1]  . However, the element of warning or at least criticism of human vices or follies with the intention of improvement  [2]  is also representative of the satire. Although it is usually meant to be funny, its purpose is not just humor for its own sake but an attack on something the satirist strongly disapproves of and to persuade the reader (or viewer depending on the medium) to strive for a solution to the problem presented, using the weapon of wit, irony, and caricature.  [3]   In Animal Farm the satirical irony emerges from Orwells style of narration and his use of the animal allegory. The narrative style he employs is characterized by simple language and light, objective even impersonal voice with the limited point of view of the enslaved animals. The plain language on the one hand is to reflect the naÃÆ' ¯ve perception of the animals  [4]  , on the other this terse phrasing is set in ironic juxtaposition[to] the crassly elitist, manipulative, unintelligible, and circumlocutory discourse of the pigs, through which the fictitious passes off as factitious.  [5]  Samir Elbarbary in his essay Language as Theme in Animal Farm even argues that the conscious derangement of language, and linguistic superiority which sustain the assumption of power, is one of the novellas fundamental thematic concerns. Language and how language can influence or even determine the way people think is often a recurring theme in Orwells works, for example the idea of Newsp eak in Nineteen Eighty-Four, and he even addresses the problem directly in essays, such as Politics And The English Language, in which he attests for simple uncomplicated language in scholarly and especially in political contexts. According to Elbarbary, in Animal Farm the revolution is, in a sense a language-focused enterprise, a product of specifically aggressive linguistic energy, and language  [6]  , which can efficiently control reality, is the source of the tragic outcome rather than its mere reflection. Those animals who have an underdeveloped language, are compleatly overpowered by the linguistic skill of the pigs; their ensnarement is less a matter substance than of generic linguistic impotence and deficient semantic memory.  [7]   Even thought the point of view of the narrator is limited (or at least it is more distant from the feelings or thoughts of the pigs than that of the other animals), the narration still implies more to the reader than the animals themselves are aware of. We understand the difference between the truth of a situation and what the characters know about it, while the characters remain ignorant of the discrepancy, which creates dramatic irony. For example when Squealer explains that the van in which Boxer was taken to the hospital formerly belonged to a horse slaughterer and that the veterinarian who now uses it did not have the time to paint over the horse slaughterers sign on its side, the narrator says: The animals were enormously relieved to hear this.  [8]  The reader however, can assume the truth right when the van appeared to carry the horse away. Another level of satire is in the characterization. Orwell attributes easily recognisable human traits to animals, which remain absolute, that is they are character types rather than fully developed characters, without the ability to grow or change, the animals shall stay both animal and human. It removes the possibility of very complex characterization.  [9]  In the light of the parallel that can be drawn between the story and the Russian revolution, some characters are clear caricatures of exact historical figures (like Napoleon-Stalin, Snowball-Lenin) others of specific social groups or classes or even tools used to uphold dictatorship (e.g. Boxer-working class, Squealer-propaganda), creating a grotesque mirror image not just of the events but the figures involved in it, enhancing the validity of the satirical parallel. The third genre considered here is the already mentioned beast fable. It is usually a brief tale that conveys a moral lesson, usually by giving human speech and manners to animals. It is a very old form of story related to folklore and proverbs, the fables in Europe descends from tales attributed to Aesop, a Greek slave in the 6th century BCE. The French fabulist La Fontaine revived the form in the 17th century with his witty verse adaptations of Greek fables.  [10]  The form can be associated with the satire as well as the beast fable is also used as a culturally universal satirical technique. It is basically the dramatic realization of a metaphor and satirists have always found this translation of metaphor to dramatic fact an extremely effective way of portraying the true nature of vice and folly. As far as characters, style and language (its simplicity thus serving double causes) Animal Farm fits the criteria of the genre. According to Christopher Hollis the writer of the beast fable must throughout be successful in preserving a delicate and whimsical balance due to the overall absurdity of animals behaving and talking like humans and discussing complicated intellectual problems. He argues that Orwell is able to maintain this balance by avoiding any unnecessary explanation of the fantastic elements of the story in an otherwise realistic setting.  [11]   However if we take into account its length it is considerably longer than the traditional fable. In addition, some point out that its moral lesson is questionable or nonexistent as it is impossible to attach a moral to any familiar sense to Animal Farm, where wickedness ends in triumph and virtue is utterly crushed.  [12]  I do agree that there is no lesson to be learned in the fashion of for example The Tortoise and the Hare, however I believe that there are moral undertones embedded in the overall message of the novella, like power corrupts; it is a moral lesson without answers, or a moral tragedy of humankind. In conclusion, Orwells Animal Farm seems to function best as a satire but he consciously incorporated techniques and elements of other literary forms, most elaborately of the beast fable, to use it as his satirical vehicle. As for the dystopia genre it seems to be a little farfetched to attach the term to Orwells novella, it is more like a loud hee-haw at all who yearn for Utopia.  [13]  

Athletes and Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

   Abstract:   Since the beginning of sports competition, athletes have always looked for some kind of an edge over their competitors.   They will do whatever it takes to be one of the elite and that includes injecting supplements into their bodies to make them bigger, stronger, and faster.   Steroid use is probably one of the most common drug misuses in sports competition.   Athletes found that with anabolic steroids one could become a better athlete twice as fast.   Not until 1975 was the drug first banned from Olympic competition because of the health risks it produced.   Shortly thereafter, the rest of the sports world did not allow anabolic steroids as well.   With the use of steroids no longer permitted athletes began to look for other alternatives.   On the rise is two substances called creatine and androstenedione, both of which are sold over the counter. These two performance enhancers have only had minimal testing done on them, excluding the l ong-term effects, simply because they haven't been around long enough.   Creatine and androstenedione have been said to produce results like steroids without the side effects.   The truth is they do produce side effects and irregular muscle growth. By banning the use of performance enhancing drugs, just like steroids, sports competition will have a much healthier and fairer environment to participate in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports The use of steroids and performance enhancing drugs is a common trend that is currently fascinating athletes all over the world.   Athletes who are using these drugs are damaging the sport and harming their bodies at the same time.   Seeking a greater athletic physique and ability, athletes turned to the use of steroids.   Once the dangers and possible health risks arose, athletes then turned to performance enhancers.   Two specific supplements have taken the sports world by storm and now are being used by athletes of all ages.   They are androstenedione and creatine.   It took years until people began to understand how dangerous steroids really were. These performance enhancers, like androstenedione and creatine are going to produce the same results.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The use of performance enhancing supplements has long played a role in athletics, especially after the utilization of drug testing was introduced during the 1972 Olympics.

The Difference in Leadership Essay -- Papers Leading Skills Essays Pap

The Difference in Leadership Introduction ============ Leadership is an influence process. It might be thought of as the ability to motivate others into following and understanding the role they play in an organisation, as well as what the overall strategy of the business is, with the interest of achieving organisational goals. If this is done correctly then high levels of motivation, empowerment, commitment and performance should result. It is equally important for a leader to be trustworthy, Viscount Slim describes leadership as being : â€Å"The quality which makes people trust you†. It is important in every leadership role that the leader be as effective as possible in order to work those people he is responsible for to their full potential. Certainly the leadership skill will play an important part in determining the effectiveness of the leader. Good communication skills are another important quality for a leader to have. This means that it is important to be both good at effective speaking as well as listening in order to aim the behaviours and actions of individuals in the required direction. Leadership is the process by which a person exerts influence over other people and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities to help achieve group or organizational goals.[i] It has been an old and common view that leaders are born, and not made. This is known as the Qualities Approach. Those which share this view believe that some core qualities of leaders are inborn, ie intuition, will-power and intelligence. This dismisses the idea that leaders can be manufactured, and places the emphasis on the natural ch... ...ent.IE5/M8UV2CDB/266,11,Slide 11 [x] Jones, George, Hill Contemporary Management p 411. [xi] M.G.Evans, â€Å"The Effects of Supervisory Behaviour on the Path-Goal Relationship†, Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance 5 (1970): 277-98;R.J.House,†A Path-Goal Theory of Leader Effectiveness,† Administrative Science Quarterly 16 (1971):321-38;J.C.Wofford and L.Z.Liska,†Path-Goal Theories of Leadership: A Meta-Analysis,† Journal of Management 19 (1993): 857-76. [xii] B.M.Bass, Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations (New York: Free Press, 1985); Bass, Bass and Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership; Yukl and Van Fleet, â€Å"Theory and Research on Leadership.† [xiii] A.H.Eagly,S.J.Karau, and M.G.Makhijani, â€Å"Gender and the Effectiveness of Leaders: A Meta-Analysis,† Psychological Bulletin 117 (1995):125-45.

A Healthy Lifestyle with a Busy Schedule Speech

Eating Healthy With A Busy Schedule So we’re all busy right? Running to and from places. To Starbucks, to the  office, to visit an elderly grandparent, to the gym, to an extra-curricular activity, a meeting. Running ! running ! running. And yet, I always roll my eyes at those skinny girls who say, â€Å"I just don’t have time to eat! † Yah, WHATEVER! Rome could be burning, and there I am, chomping’ away. In fact, I can count on one hand the number of meals I’ve missed in my  ENTIRE  lifetime. If you ask my husband, he’ll attest to it! No joke. I NEVER miss a meal. So, how do you do it?With all the running and juggling, how do you make time for good healthy meals, and avoid skipping? Believe me, I’m just as busy as the next person, but I always  make time to eat. I’m not saying I haven’t eaten a salad in my car on my way to a meeting, but I  make food a priority, as funny as it sounds. For women juggling it all, food is in fact paramount to your success. And good food, may I add. Eating healthy with a busy lifestyle. You on the fence with how to incorporate  this into your hectic  life? A few tips that help me stay nutritious and energetic: * I ALWAYS keep snacks on me.I have a nice mixed bag of nuts, and organic yogurt covered raisins in my glove compartment and/or purse at all times. It always comes in handy. This way, I don’t binge on my next meal. Healthy snacking helps cut  the binging for sure, because  eating a  little food every few hours stablilizes  your blood sugar levels so your brain is much calmer when it sees your next meal! * I have my Erica’s To Do List notepad in the kitchen, and it’s visible at  all times. It’s my running list of whatever  we’re low on. The minute I’m almost done a ketchup, for example, (which is like every week), it goes on that list.Keep your healthy stuff on this list the minute you’re lo w. You’re much more likely to always buy the good stuff if it’s staring at you on a piece of paper at the grocery store. * I try and stop eating before I’m stuffed and gorged. My friends know, I never leave any food on my plate, EVER. It’s been ingrained in my brain since I’m little. My father grew up lacking many resources, so he always cleans his plate, as do it. But the right way to go, is to really stop before that full-feeling sets in. Portion control baby! * The same rule for my kids, applies to me. I aim for a protein, a carb, a vegetable and a fruit with every lunch and dinner.This has worked well for me. * If you anticipate a busy day, and foresee a McDonald’s drive-through day (okay, it’s yummy), PLAN AHEAD. Make your lunch the night before. I was truly in the best shape of my life when I was working. Now that  I’m at home,  I snack all day, or eat whatever, whenever. When I packed myself a lunch for the office, i t was a nice turkey sandwich, with hummus and carrots, celery and fennel (yes I LOVE fennel, and am the  only one in my family), a V8, and some pineapple. Nuts or cheese and crackers for snacks. There was portion control, and it was all energizing food.I felt and looked great. * When I look to buy new foods that I have never purchased before, I always read the ingredients. Remember, THE LONGER THE LIST, THE WORSE IT IS FOR YOU. The healthiest foods have simply one; strawberries, broccoli, oranges†¦ catch my drift? The long lists contain MSG, sugar, salt, and more crap. * My advice, take it or leave it: if you can go organic on one or two things in your life, go for organic dairy (milk, cheese, yogurt), and meats and/or poultries. I do believe in buying  organic for these two, even though some  studies say  there is no difference.I am  a sucker  however,  for pretty much  all  organic lines of kids snacks (even though here, I highly doubt any real  difference exists). But for the other two I mentioned, I take them very seriously. I truly believe all the hormonal injections in our dairy and meats is what’s giving us cancer, and our kids early puberty onset. There are also pesticides in fruits and vegetables, so if budget allows, I would suggest buying the organic stuff where you eat the skin (ex; apples, strawberries, broccoli), and not necessarily the  fruits and veggies like bananas and oranges, where you peel off the skin. * And finally, WATER.My water bottle comes with me many places. I fill it up along the way. Water is important. We know this already. Unfortunately, I was born with my dad’s skin, and not my mom’s, (which is creamy, milky and always blemish free), so I do my best to hydrate as much as possible to help with my skin. I really notice a difference in how I  look and feel  when I drink a ton of water. Yo, busy women! Can any of you share some of your tips that keep you lean, healthy and energiz ed? And thank you ladies for all your emails of concern. The grandfather is stable, and alive. So, it’s wedding weekend as usual for now. Until next time†¦ *

Reminiscence and life review are distinctively and central features of late life – Discuss

It is often forgotten that the developmental psychologist Charlotts Buhler in Vienna had written already in the 1930's, of reminiscence as an inevitable part of the ageing process resulting from the individual's need to substantiate his or her life in the face of loss of ability (1933) The way in which reminiscence has become noteworthy in the study of ageing is a remarkable one. It has altered its implication from negative to positive-from being perceived as a sign of mental deterioration to being valued as a normal if not essential component of successful ageing- all in the time frame of less than 10 years. DEFIN REM Many of the problems arise when researchers continue to generate hypothesis that are left untested, and in turn researchers continue to conduct projects without clear theoretical foundations. Theoretical conceptions such as ego integrity remain vaguely defined and resistant to contrary experimental findings, worse still is this inability to arrive or at least agree on, an operational definition. [Another problem is the fact that the current framework limits the research entirely†¦i.e rarely work done on life span-longitudinal reminiscing because it has been stated that it is only in old age and universal so cultural differences haven't been explored] As Haight (1991) noted, labels suggested by various researchers, such as Molinari and Reichlin (1984-1985), Lo Gerfo (1980) and Coleman (1974), are a â€Å"step in the right direction, but none have been adopted as a permanent framework† (1991, p.9) Until such a framework is operational, making generalisations about the nature and functions of the various types of reminiscence will remain difficult. On the contrary Butler states that perhaps life review and reminiscence are not amenable to rigid and precise definitions. UNRUH (89) levels of reminiscing A p. 148 REMINISCNCE According to Webster & Haight reminiscence is highly spontaneous with little structure. It can contain the element of evaluation, but it is not an integral part of reminiscing. The presence or absence of evaluation in reminiscence is probably more dependant on individual personality traits than on any thing provided by modality. Reminiscing is rated low on comprehensiveness, since simple reminiscence involves the recall of relatively independent, isolated episodes from our past. There is no necessary logic, sequence, or theme. There is also no systematic exploration of developmental blocks of time, or attempts to place the recalled memory within a broader psychosocial context. LIFE REVIEW Life review differs from simple reminiscence on many of these dimensions. The spontaneity of the life review is lower than of simple reminiscence because more specific triggers are required to elicit it. Many authours suggest that the life review is triggered by external life events, generally however not exclusively of a crisis or transitional nature. Stress or developmental milestones may prompt a reassessment of past accomplishments, values and goals. The life review is also more structured and comprehensive than simple reminiscence. Life review tends to have sequential recounting from childhood experiences to the present or an identification and systematic elaboration of developmental concerns. There is a grater effort to evaluate the recalled memories in order to derive meaning and purpose. This may entail working through painful emotional episodes as well as positive, self-enhancing memories. Evaluation involves renegotiating previous sources of anger, shame, embarrassment, guilt and other assorted negative emotions can be reconstrued in more positive terms. Webster and Young (1988) have suggested that a comprehensive life review entails the recall, evaluation, and synthesis of positive and negative memories. Recall, or simple reminiscence, is therefore only one part of the life review process. E.ERICKSON According to Erickson (1959, 1963, 1982), one of the most important functions of reminiscing is to help the individual achieve ego integrity. This is the cumulative product of having successfully resolved the earlier stages of development. It is' reaping of the benefits of the life richly spent, not only in the storehouse of memories, but in the function of problems worked through, plans executed, mediation undertaken, suffering survived' (Ulanov, 1981, p. 113). The attainment of ego integrity is a lifelong process, according to Erickson. It depends on successful management of developmental conflicts, acceptance of one's life cycle without regrets, and harmonization of different stages of life without fear of death. The hallmark of ego integrity is wisdom. Butlers 1975 view of ego integrity is less ambitious, he believes that people take pride in feeling of having done their best, of having met challenge and difficulty and sometimes from simply having survived terrible odds, and it is this quality of serenity and wisdom which is derived from resolving personal conflicts. Butler suggests that the life review is the primary mechanism whereby ego integrity is achieved. Erickson (1963) believed that mastery is a major source of satisfaction and proposed that the desire to achieve autonomy begins in early childhood. The subsequent developmental tasks to achieve initiative, competence and generativity are all related to the need for mastery. Both Adler (1927/1957, 1958) and Fromm (1947) postulated that people possess an innate drive to overcome helplessness experienced in childhood through mastery over their environment. The task of maintaining a sense of agency and mastery becomes increasingly difficult in later years. Regardless of how we glorify the golden age, sooner or later the harsh realities of ageing descend on all of us. Unless we die prematurely, we all suffer the relentless ageing process. Old age can be a breeding ground for feelings of inferiority because of diminished coping resources and the chronicity of age related problems. We feel helpless when there is no cure to health problems and when our memories are failing us. We are made to feel inferior when we have to ask others to do this we used to do well. These memories may be compounded by memories of childhood situations associations with feelings of inferiority. It has been suggested that the active mastery of middle age changes into more positive mode, or even a magic mode of mastery in old age (neugarten & Gutmann, 1958). In their desire for greater mastery, the elderly's perception of personal control may become highly inflated sometimes their perceived control may be based on wishful thinking and fantasy. P. 33 Forty years have passed since Butler first suggested the important role of reminiscing in later life. His research has retained the attention of researchers from a range of disciplines, however subsequent studies have been at time inconclusive, contradictory and unclear about the nature and function of reminiscing. The majority of researchers have focused their studies exclusively on older individuals, which infers that reminiscence is unique to the later stages of life. Mirriam 1993 notes that the assumptions about the universality of reminiscence amongst older adults may be false or stereotypical, since age may not be the most significant factor in reminiscence behaviour. LIFE REVIEW Definitions of reminiscence are remarkably diverse. Butler described the life review as ‘a naturally occurring, universal mental process characterised by the progressive return to consciousness of past experiences, and particularly the resurgence of unresolved conflicts (1963, p.66) He argued that the life review is conceived as a ‘possible response to the biological fact of death' What is clear about reminiscing is that it is a selective process in which memories are evoked and reconstructed, probably with varying degrees of intensity and emotional involvement. UNRUH 1989 orders or levels of the past!!! The idea that there may be different levels to the reminiscing process may alleviate the confusion of contradictory findings in studies.

Learning and Talent Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Learning and Talent Development - Essay Example An organization’s ability to cope with the changing economic environment is determined by its people and thus an organization needs to invest in the learning and talent development of its workforce in order to succeed. Learning is necessary as it brings real business results and organizational talent. Learning and talent development empowers employees as it provides them with knowledge, resources and tools needed to perform at their best.An organization’s ability to cope with the changing economic environment is determined by its people and thus an organization needs to invest in the learning and talent development of its workforce in order to succeed. Learning is necessary as it brings real business results and organizational talent. Learning and talent development empowers employees as it provides them with knowledge, resources and tools needed to perform at their best. Learning in an organization is the process through which the organization attempts to improve its p erformance, identifies and rectifies errors and adapts to the changing environment through knowledge and learning (Kandt, 2014). Â  Learning is important for an organization as it enables the organization to perceive and identify changes both internal and external thereby helping it to adapt to the changing environment. Â   Talent is often considered to be an exemplary skill possessed by few people only (Pruis, 2011). Talent in an organization is commonly thought to be that which is capable of achieving high levels of performance.

Compensation Plan Outline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compensation Plan Outline - Assignment Example The following is an outline of Kellogg’s compensation plan. Kellogg is the world’s number one producer of cereal, snacks, and frozen food producer including, crackers, cookies, cereal bars, fruits, flavored snacks, toaster pastries, veggie foods, and frozen waffles. In order to motivate its employees, the company has come up with a compensation plan, which provides eligible workers with a competitive form of retirement benefits depending on the years of service and pay and improve the performance of the employees. Kellogg Company uses a variety of equity-based compensation plans to provide long-term compensation to employees (Zoltners, Sinha, & Lorimer, 2006). Currently, the company’s incentives comprise of only stock options and executive performance shares, stock grants, and restricted stock units. In addition, Kellogg Company compensates employees for tax equalization payments, travel and home leave allowances, adjustments for cost of living, moving and relocation allowances, utilities and housing allowances, and hardship pr emiums and foreign service allowances (Harding & Rovit, 2004). Kellogg Company agrees to give compensations and benefits, according to the terms and condition of the Company’s benefit and compensation rules and regulations. Employees warrant and represent that an employee has gone through the compensation plan and understood its application and meaning. For the purpose of the compensation plan, employees in Kellogg Company agree that.A worker shall receive compensation and benefits as according to the compensation plan. According to the compensation plan of Kellogg Company, employees should receive compensation pay, which is equal to two operational years of target bonus and base salary. Such compensation amount shall be paid to employees under equal install aments as from the departure date (Plunkett, Jack, & Plunkett, 2009). According to Kellogg Company, then the

The Forced Marriage Legislation in the UK Research Paper - 1

The Forced Marriage Legislation in the UK - Research Paper Example â€Å"Marriage, whether civil or religious, is a contract, formally entered into. It confers on the parties the status of husband and wife, the essence of the contract being an agreement between a man and a woman to live together, and to love one another as husband and wife, to the exclusion of all others†. This is the universal and perhaps most comprehensive characterization of marriage. Among the most controversial aspects of this is the element of consent. This is encapsulated in the concept of a contract. In a contract consent that is not tainted by force or coercion is essential to its validity. Consequently, it is also a major of controversy for marriage. This is compounded by the fact that marriages as a social phenomenon are diverse and multi-faceted.The forces governing present society in the present have imposed significant challenges upon marriage. These adverse forces have given rise to a wide array of problems. The government today struggle tot to protect and uphold family and marriages by finding means to deal with the various problems that undermine them.This also challenges the state to uphold society’s many concepts of marriage while also containing negative elements attributed to it. Furthermore, it has to strike the balance between its power to regulate societ y, society’s right to culture and the welfare of its citizens. This is not a mundane task given the complexity involved and the magnitude of the harms involved society today.Among the malign realities faced by society today are â€Å"forced marriages.† This kind of marriage â€Å"is a marriage conducted without the valid consent of both parties, where duress is a factor. Duress can range from emotional pressure from family members to threatening behavior, abduction or imprisonment, and physical violence†.

Sensory Perceptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Sensory Perceptions - Essay Example If the source of the information is mare rumors then that will automatically hinder accuracy of sensory information (Oppapapers.com, 2012). Secondly, interpretation of the information received from the senses by the brain. The interpretation will depend on various factors such as the developmental stage of an individual; a juvenile might not interpret information that is symbolically coded as opposed to an adult (Nickel, 2006). For example, people thought the world was flat as they viewed a uniform horizon and interpreted it as they saw it; sense of sight. In addition, the cognitive ability and the data source of an individual determine the inaccuracy and accuracy of our sensory information. The source of data determines a lot, for example a mad person can say something although sensible at times but nobody can take it serious or even think about it as opposed to an influential person maybe in the government who is obviously given the first priority by the media (Oppapapers.com, 2012). There are several factors which contribute to the accuracy of the sensory data. First, the reliability of facts observed. Solid sensory data received through the accurate observations would provide data and facts that are vital for accurate sensory perception or thinking connection. The Brain and interpretation of data received contributes to the accuracy of sensory data. A healthy brain is very vital in cognitive ability to analyze sensory data. When the information is received in the brain, the power of the sense is manifested (Oppapapers.com, 2012). This means that any inaccurate data which has been sent by our senses to our brain will actually be inaccurately interpreted Thirdly, the accuracy of sensory data can be determined by the source of data and cognitive ability. The data source must be received through the senses of touch, hearing, sight, smell to obtain accurate sensory data (Green, 2009). The senses should be acutely sensitive like senses, particle detectors,

2 Exercises Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

2 Exercises - Assignment Example What appears to be the least satisfying? In what area(s), if any, do you feel improvements should be made? Discuss and provide appropriate descriptive statistics. As shown in the pie chart describing the total level of satisfaction, the most satisfying aspect to the nurses is work with a total score of 42%. The mean percentage that is satisfied by work is 81.428571%, with a median of 82% and a mode of 72%. The least satisfying aspect to the nurses is pay with a total of 28%. The mean percentage that is satisfied by pay is 55.571429%, with a median of 55.5 % and a mode of 60%. 3. On the basis of descriptive measures of variability what measures of job satisfaction appears to generate the greatest difference of opinion among the nurses? Explain and illustrate appropriately by citing part 1. Based on the basis of descriptive measures of variability what measures of job satisfaction, work and pay show the greatest difference. Work satisfaction has a mean score of 81.428571, with a median of 82% and a mode of 72%. The maximum score of work is 95% and the minimum score of work is 63%. The first quartile is 72%, 2nd quartile is 82% and the third quartile is 86.75%. The score of the variance is 68.693878% and a standard deviation of 8.288177. Pay on the other hand has a differing satisfaction with a mean score of 55.571429%, with a median of 55.5 % and a mode of 60%. The maximum score of work is 90% and the minimum score of work is 25%. The first quartile is 45.5%, 2nd quartile is 55.5% and the third quartile is 60%. The score of the variance is 217.47796 and a standard deviation of 14.747134. 4. What can be learned about the types of hospitals? Does any particular type of hospital seem to have better levels of job satisfaction that the other types? Do your results suggest any recommendations for learning about and/or improving job satisfaction? Discuss and provide appropriate descriptive statistics from part1. From the types of hospitals in the

Sorrow of Love Essay Example for Free

Sorrow of Love Essay In the rural south in the years 1880- 1995, women worked with the new hope that their sons and daughters would one day escape from the southern staple-crop economy, with its connected hardships and saddened opportunities. Maud Lee Bryant whom was a farm wife from North Carolina stated: â€Å"My main object of working was wanting the children to have a better way of living, that the world might be just a little better because the Lord had me here for something, and I tried to make good out of it, that was my aim†. Although in these woman’s words I find a great amount of pain, her strength is very visible. It is obvious that no matter how hard her life is, she tries to see her hardships as opportunities instead of feeling sorry for herself. A large amount of sharecroppers rarely stayed on the same plantation for more than a year or two for the reason being that their quest for household and group anatomy represented the tangible legacy of slavery. Although black families worked large amounts of hours they achieved neither consumer status nor total self-sufficiency due to the repressive labor system they worked for. It is right to say that black women were living a life of irony, although black women would pick cotton all day, they were never able to wear a cotton dress because of their low income and although they would work in agriculture as well, they barely survived on inadequate protein-deficient diets. Although blacks represented one-third of the southern population and 40 percent of its farmers and farm laborers, they were by no means the only penniless agricultural group. In 1910, nine-tenths of all southern black who made their living from the soil worked as tenants, sharecroppers, or contract laborers and most barely eked out enough in cotton to pay for rent, food, and supplies. During these years, a system by which a dominant group, whites, passed laws that were designed to humiliate a subordinate group, blacks, in public ways and in public places including: schools, parks, theaters, and public transportation. These new ideals of separation, combined with the systematic disfranchisement of black en, were enforced with state-sanctioned terrorism. By the late nineteenth century, whites of all classes had joined together to demonize black men as a group, and label all black women as immoral and sexually promiscuous. Between 1879 and 1881 as many as twenty thousand rural blacks fled the â€Å"young hell† of the lower South in search of the â€Å"promised land† of Kansas. The Kansas-fever exodus consisted primarily of families headed by former slaves desperate to escape neoslavery. Although granted relatively more overall freedom than their enslaved parents, black men and women in the late nineteenth century had only a limited ability to make crucial decisions related to household and farm management. A white employer controlled not only a family’s labor, but also its furnishings and food. In this book Jones offers a thorough analysis of black women, as the title suggests, from the times of slavery through to present day. The book was originally written in 1985 but the author updated the book and it was released in a second edition in 2009. I love studies that look at the intersection of various topics rather than examining one and ignoring the rest, because life doesn’t happen in a vacuum like that. Jones does that in a way that few do. This book is a true examination of race and gender, as well as class, and we study all of these as they interact with each other throughout the years. Starting with slavery Jones talks about how both black men and black women were affected, but she highlights the ways in which women experienced slavery in such a different manner. Throughout history, from slavery and until present day, women have been responsible for work in and outside of the home. In this way they do more than and experience different and additional issues to those of men. For example in the time of slavery women were usually expected to work as hard or almost as hard as men, but were also responsible for bearing and raising children, and keeping a home – cooking, sewing, cleaning, and more. White women, however, were not expected to do any work outside of the home at this time and also had the black slaves to help them in the house. For this reason examining history through the lens of only race or only gender does not give the true picture of life for black women. One of the themes that was highlighted most often through the book was that of family. Black women were forced to toil long hours for meager pay throughout history and until the present, and still expected to do most of the work at home as well. Jones talks about how work at home was prized and worth doing, often times, compared to work for whites, and how they would always try their best to find jobs with as much time with their family as they could.